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Clean Jobs Midwest 2025

Date: October 15, 2025

Summary

The clean energy industry continues to drive job creation in the Midwest, adding 13,000 jobs across the 12-state region last year. 

More than 774,000 Midwesterners now work in renewable energy, energy efficiency, electric vehicle manufacturing and other clean energy related fields, an increase of about 2 percent from a year earlier and a 5 percent increase from just five years ago. By comparison, the region’s overall workforce grew by half a percent last year. 

The data in this report predates the July 2025 passage of the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, which is expected to slow clean energy job growth nationwide. Still, the numbers highlight a workforce that is becoming an increasingly vital part of the Midwest’s economy. 

As the demand for energy continues to rise and the financial toll of climate change becomes more visible, the Midwest’s clean energy workers are poised to play an even more critical role in shaping the region’s economic future. 

BY THE NUMBERS

  • Energy Efficiency – 517,316  jobs
  • Clean Vehicles – 122,296
  • Renewable Energy – 97,070
  • Grid & Storage – 29,711
  • Clean Fuels – 8,485
  • Total Clean Energy – 774,838  jobs

SECTOR FINDINGS

Bright spots for the industry include energy efficiency. Energy efficiency comprises about two-thirds of all the region’s clean energy jobs, and it grew by more than 17,000 jobs — top among all sectors. More than 517,000 Midwesterners manufacture energy-efficient appliances, install efficient lighting, connect heat pumps and other highly efficient HVAC systems, construct buildings using materials like low-carbon concrete, or work in other energy efficiency-related jobs. 

Clean vehicles is the second-largest clean energy sector, employing more than 122,000 Midwesterners who work on EVs, hybrid EVs, plug-in hybrids, and hydrogen and fuel-cell vehicles. Last year, the sector lost 5,963 jobs due to a combination of automation, lower-than-expected consumer demand, policy uncertainty, and supply chain restructuring. 

Renewable energy jobs topped 97,000 last year, spurred by a 2.2 percent growth in solar jobs. Clean grid and storage jobs grew to more than 29,000, sparked by a 4.5 percent growth in battery storage jobs. 

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The complete report along with interactive breakdowns for all states is available at this link.

PREVIOUS CLEAN JOBS MIDWEST REPORTS

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Clean Jobs America 2024

Date: September 17, 2024

SOUTHERN STATES DRIVE JOB SURGE; 3.46 MILLION AMERICANS WORK IN CLEAN ENERGY

Summary:

Clean energy companies added almost 150,000 jobs in 2023, growing more than three times faster than overall U.S. employment to 3,460,406 clean energy jobs nationwide. Last year’s jobs spike corresponds with the first full year of historic clean energy investments and incentives under the landmark federal Inflation Reduction Act (IRA). Only the post-pandemic recovery surge of 2021 (152,000 jobs) added more new jobs in a single year.

Every clean energy sector grew at least twice as fast as overall national employment. Clean vehicles saw double-digit growth for the third consecutive year. Energy efficiency continued to lead the clean economy in total jobs. Jobs in manufacturing and other services (including vehicle maintenance and repair) accounted for nearly 60 percent of all new clean energy jobs.

Over the past three years, clean energy jobs increased 14 percent to nearly 3.5 million workers. By comparison, that’s more jobs than there are nurses nationwide. The 149,170 new clean energy jobs created in 2023 accounted for 6.4 percent of all jobs created economywide, and nearly 60 percent of all jobs in the entire energy sector.

This growth sets the stage for the next several years as the industry begins to feel the full impact from historic investments and incentives in the IRA. Three hundred and forty major new clean energy projects have been announced across 40 states and Puerto Rico since the IRA passed. In those announcements, companies have said they are creating more than 109,000 new jobs while investing over $126 billion in private-sector capital.

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Key Findings

RENEWABLE GENERATION: Renewable generation sectors added more than 25,000 jobs in 2023, led by solar (+18,400) and wind (+5,700). In all, almost 560,000 Americans now work in renewable generation— a 14 percent increase since 2020. 

ENERGY EFFICIENCY: Energy efficiency remains the single-largest employer across the entire energy sector, employing nearly 2.3 million Americans. The sector accounted for half of all new clean energy jobs in 2023, adding nearly 75,000 workers (+3.4%). 

STORAGE + GRID MODERNIZATION: The storage and grid modernization sector added over 7,000 jobs (+4.6%) and now supports nearly 160,000 workers—more than there are highway maintenance workers.5 Jobs making power grids more resilient and able to handle more wind and solar generation led the sector, growing 5 percent followed by battery and energy storage (+4.3%). Since 2020, the sector increased employment by 15 percent. 

CLEAN VEHICLES: Clean vehicle makers continue to lead all sectors in growth, adding over 40,000 jobs (+11.0%). Electric vehicles (EVs) led the sector, adding over 17,000 jobs (+12.9%), followed closely by hybrid EVs with 15,900 jobs added (+10.5%). Over the past three years, clean vehicle jobs have jumped nearly 60 percent. The sector continued to outgrow the gas- and diesel-powered vehicle industry (+1.5%) and now employs over 410,000 workers. 

BIOFUELS: The smallest clean energy sector, biofuels added over 1,200 jobs in 2023. Since 2020, the sector has increased employment by 12 percent to more than 

2024 Clean Energy Employment Toplines

Total Clean Energy 3,460,406
Renewable Energy 559,971
Grid & Storage 158,423
Energy Efficiency 2,290,179
Clean Fuels 41,412
Clean Vehicles 410,420

Looking for More Info?

This is the ninth  annual Clean Jobs America report produced by E2 based on analysis of the USEER, which was first released by the DOE in 2016. E2 was an original proponent of the DOE producing the USEER, and was a partner on 2018, 2019, and 2020 reports produced by the Energy Futures Initiative (EFI) and National Association of State Energy Officials (NASEO) after the DOE chose not to produce them in 2017.

If you are looking for additional insight into E2’s Clean Jobs America 2024 or our other clean energy employment reports, visit e2.org/reports.

Previous Reports

Clean Jobs America 2023 is the 9th national clean energy jobs report from E2. Previous reports can be accessed in the below links.

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Clean Economy Works October 2023 | 13 New Projects Announced

Date: November 13, 2023

FOCUS: Toyota announces $8 billion EV battery plant expansion in Liberty, N.C.

North Carolina has been actively courting investments from Japan for more than 40 years. But since the state first opened its economic development office in Tokyo in 1978, no other investment comes close to matching what the Japanese carmaker Toyota announced on the last day of October – $8 billion to add eight EV lithium-ion battery production lines to its fast-growing plant in the small Piedmont town of Liberty.

Toyota’s Liberty, N.C., facility will have 7 million square feet, the equivalent of 121 football fields of battery production. (Photo courtesy of Toyota)

The project is expected to create 3,000 jobs. Toyota first announced it was building an EV factory in Liberty two years ago. October’s announcement was the third time it expanded on those plans, with the company’s total investments in North Carolina now expected to approach $14 billion. That represents the largest economic development project in North Carolina history, and it will help rejuvenate an area hit hard by the decline of the once-dominant textiles, tobacco and furniture industries.

“Toyota’s latest expansion in North Carolina is monumental,” North Carolina state senator Phil Berger said in a press release.

Toyota’s announcement is also by far the largest in terms of investment dollars that E2 has tracked across the entire country since the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) was signed into law in August 2022. (The second-largest investment E2 has tracked across all states and sectors in that time was also in North Carolina: In September 2022, Durham-based Wolfspeed announced a $5 billion manufacturing facility for efficient silicon carbide materials and devices with applications in industries including renewables, energy storage and EVs.)

Elsewhere in the state last month, a company called Atuel said it will soon begin producing 5,000 fast DC car chargers annually in Greensboro, creating 400 jobs. Along the coast south of Wilmington, Epsilon Advanced Materials Inc. will invest nearly $650 million and create 500 jobs making battery components. Those jobs will have an average annual salary of $52,000 – about 12 percent higher than Brunswick County’s current average wage.

Not to be outdone, Indiana also racked up three big clean economy announcements last month. These include a $3.2 billion joint-venture battery gigafactory in Kokomo from Stellantis and Samsung and an $800 million solar manufacturing plant Canadian Solar is building near the Ohio River in Jeffersonville. That facility will be able to crank out about 20,000 panels a day. Combined, Indiana’s three announcements are expected to create 2,800 jobs.

Notably, all six announcements from both North Carolina and Indiana came from overseas, underscoring just how effective the IRA is at attracting foreign investments to small-town America. In addition to Japan, companies announcing investments in the Tar Heel and Hoosier states last month are based in the Netherlands, Korea, Canada, India, China and Austria.

Since the IRA was signed into law in August 2022, E2 has tracked 251 projects across 40 states representing more than $106 billion in investments that could help create more than 89,000 jobs. Nearly half of the announcements include companies headquartered overseas, creating opportunity and jobs here in the U.S.

For a complete rundown of all announcements E2 has tracked, please see here.

OCTOBER CLEAN ENERGY ANNOUNCEMENTS

IN OCTOBER, E2 TRACKED 13 PROJECT ANNOUNCEMENTS ACROSS 8 STATES THAT ARE EXPECTED TO DRIVE NEARLY $16 BILLION IN PRIVATE-SECTOR INVESTMENTS AND CREATE MORE THAN 7,700 JOBS.

CALIFORNIA (San Jose): Antora Energy announces U.S. thermal battery manufacturing facility; Oct. 24

  • Industry: Battery/Storage

GEORGIA (Dublin): EV parts supplier to build plant in Dublin; Oct. 31

  • Industry: EV
  • Jobs: 460
  • Investment: $176 million

GEORGIA (Norcross): Suniva upgrades manufacturing and restarts operations in Georgia; Oct. 11

  • Industry: EV
  • Jobs: 240

INDIANA (Kokomo): Stellantis, Samsung SDI announce Kokomo, Ind., as site for second U.S. StarPlus Energy gigafactory; Oct. 11

  • Industry: Battery/Storage
  • Jobs: 1,400
  • Investment: $3.2 billion

INDIANA (Jeffersonville): Gov. Holcomb announces Canadian Solar building new $800 million solar cell manufacturing facility in Southeast Indiana; Oct. 30

  • Industry: Solar
  • Jobs: 1,200
  • Investment: $800 million

INDIANA (Portage): Fronius USA expanding Portage manufacturing facility; Oct. 5

  • Industry: Solar
  • Jobs: 200

MICHIGAN (Holland): Toyota, LG Energy Solution announce $3 billion investment in West Michigan battery plant; Oct. 4

  • Industry: EV
  • Investment: $3 billion

NORTH CAROLINA (Brunswick County): Gov. Cooper announces 500 Jobs as global battery component supplier selects Brunswick County for first U.S. plant; Oct. 26

  • Industry: EV
  • Jobs: 500
  • Investment: $649.9 million

NORTH CAROLINA (Greensboro): Autel Energy to bring hundreds of jobs to Greensboro; Oct. 6

  • Industry: EV
  • Jobs: 400

NORTH CAROLINA (Liberty): Toyota supercharges North Carolina battery plant with new $8 billion investment; Oct. 31

  • Industry: EV
  • Jobs: 3,000
  • Investment: $8 billion

NEW MEXICO (Albuquerque): Solar array maker to build $49 million Albuquerque plant; Oct. 17

  • Industry: Solar
  • Jobs: 87
  • Investment: $49 million

TEXAS (Baytown): John Cockerill advances U.S. expansion of hydrogen in Houston area with launch of Baytown gigafactory; Oct. 30

  • Industry: Hydrogen
  • Jobs: 200

WEST VIRGINIA (South Charleston): Gestamp plans to invest $69.5 million for upgrades at South Charleston stamping plant; Oct. 11

  • Industry: EV
  • Jobs: 100
  • Investment: $75 million

TOTAL PROJECTS BY STATE

ALABAMA

  • Projects: 6
  • Investment: $1.603 billion
  • Jobs: 1,350

ARKANSAS

  • Projects: 2
  • Investment: $250 million
  • Jobs: 500

ARIZONA

  • Projects: 8
  • Investment: $5.901 billion
  • Jobs: 2,280

CALIFORNIA

  • Projects: 12
  • Investment: $1.6 billion
  • Jobs: 160

COLORADO

  • Projects: 7
  • Investment: $880 million
  • Jobs: 2,382 

CONNECTICUT

  • Projects: 4
  • Investment: $24.8 million
  • Jobs: 100 

FLORIDA

  • Projects: 2
  • Investment: $72 million
  • Jobs: 250

GEORGIA

  • Projects: 23
  • Investment: $14.577 billion
  • Jobs: 14,031

IDAHO

  • Projects: 2
  • Investment: N/A
  • Jobs: N/A 

ILLINOIS

  • Projects: 6
  • Investment: $2.064 billion
  • Jobs: 2,719

INDIANA

  • Projects: 10
  • Investment: 4,222
  • Jobs: $6.416 billion

KANSAS

  • Projects: 1
  • Investment: N/A
  • Jobs: N/A

KENTUCKY

  • Projects: 6
  • Investment: $646 million
  • Jobs: 1,129

LOUISIANA

  • Projects: 4
  • Investment: $1.214 billion
  • Jobs: 983

MASSACHUSETTS

  • Projects: 6
  • Investment: $45.7 million
  • Jobs: 1,041

MARYLAND

  • Projects: 1
  • Investment: $14 million
  • Jobs: 145 

MAINE

  • Projects: 1
  • Investment: $6 million
  • Jobs: 200

MICHIGAN

  • Projects: 20
  • Investment: $12.163 billion
  • Jobs: 10,107 

MINNESOTA

  • Projects: 3
  • Investment: $145 million
  • Jobs: 570

MISSOURI

  • Projects: 1
  • Investment: $100 million
  • Jobs: 250

MISSISSIPPI

  • Projects: 2
  • Investment: $115 million
  • Jobs: 340

NORTH CAROLINA

  • Projects: 13
  • Investment: $18.62 billion
  • Jobs: 7,606 

NEW HAMPSHIRE

  • Projects: 1
  • Investment: $16.3 million
  • Jobs: N/A

NEW MEXICO

  • Projects: 5
  • Investment: $1.243 billion
  • Jobs: 2,542

NEVADA

  • Projects: 6
  • Investment: $6.6 billion
  • Jobs: 5,250

NEW YORK

  • Projects: 10
  • Investment: $783 million
  • Jobs: 2,739

OHIO

  • Projects: 13
  • Investment: $6.395 billion
  • Jobs: 3,839

OKLAHOMA

  • Projects: 5
  • Investment: $2.45 billion
  • Jobs: 1,490

OREGON

  • Projects: 1
  • Investment: N/A
  • Jobs: N/A

PENNSYLVANIA

  • Projects: 2
  • Investment: $116.1 million
  • Jobs: 15 

PUERTO RICO

  • Projects: 1
  • Investment: N/A
  • Jobs: 800

RHODE ISLAND

  • Projects: 1
  • Investment: N/A
  • Jobs: N/A

SOUTH CAROLINA

  • Projects: 19
  • Investment: $11.071 billion
  • Jobs: 11,072

TENNESSEE

  • Projects: 13
  • Investment: $5.174 billion
  • Jobs: 4,110

TEXAS

  • Projects: 18
  • Investment: $6.769 billion
  • Jobs: 6,861

UTAH

  • Projects: 1
  • Investment: N/A
  • Jobs: N/A

VIRGINIA

  • Projects: 3
  • Investment: $45.5 million
  • Jobs: 149

VERMONT

  • Projects: 1
  • Investment: N/A
  • Jobs: 12

WISCONSIN

  • Projects: 6
  • Investment: $242 million
  • Jobs: 262

WEST VIRGINIA

  • Projects: 3
  • Investment: $1.335 billion
  • Jobs: 850

ABOUT THIS ANALYSIS

This analysis is based on publicly available information for new clean energy projects, expansions, and renewed productions only announced since the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) passed on August 16, 2022. Projects that began development, were proposed, or applied for local and state approval before the passage of the IRA are not included. For more information on other projects that stand to benefit to benefit from clean energy investments in different ways, see other resources below from the White House, Climate Power, the Climate Action Campaign, American Clean Power, and Energy Innovation.

OTHER RESOURCES

Investing in America | Invest.gov | Interactive map that illustrates the impact of these record-breaking levels of public and private investment across states and territories under the Biden Administration.

Clean Energy Projects Tracker | ClimatePower.us | Climate Power’s analysis includes public announcements of clean energy developments that have been proposed, launched or advanced since the passage of the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA).

Climate Wins Here Map | ActOnClimate.com | Interactive map off federal investments made in nationwide through the IRA and Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act.

Clean Energy Investing in America | CleanPower.org | Analysis of utility-scale  clean energy investments announced since August 16, 2022.

Federal Clean Energy Tax Credit Benefits By State | EnergyInnovation.org | Analysis of potential state-level benefits from the IRA on economic growth, jobs, and public health in the 48 contiguous states, focusing on clean electricity and clean vehicle tax credits.

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