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Summary

North Carolina’s clean energy workforce added 3,254 new workers in 2024, growing three percent and adding jobs at a rate more than six times faster than the state’s overall employment, which grew at less than a half percent. The state ranked eighth for largest clean energy workforce in 2024, with 113,052 clean energy jobs in total. The bulk of the workforce were in the construction and professional services industries, with about 41,300 workers and 34,200 workers respectively. In 2024, clean energy accounted for 57 percent more jobs than fossil fuels in North Carolina while two North Carolina counties made the top 30 list for counties with the most clean energy jobs in the nation: Mecklenburg County (19,732 jobs) and Wake County (17,697 jobs).

It’s important to note that the jobs data in this report predates the early July 2025 passage of the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, which has been forecast to slow clean energy job growth nationwide. It also predates the late July passage of SB266 in the NC General Assembly, which is expected to slow clean energy development in North Carolina. Still, these numbers point to a resilient and increasingly essential industry and workforce. As energy demand grows, North Carolina’s clean energy companies and workers are positioned to play an even greater role in shaping the state’s economic future.

Summary

California’s clean energy workforce added nearly 7,300 new workers in 2024, adding jobs more than three times faster than the rest of the state’s economy, which grew just 0.4 percent. The state leads the U.S. in total clean energy jobs, with 552,300 workers employed across clean energy technologies—and nearly twice as many as the second ranked state (Texas). There are jobs across solar, wind, energy efficiency, clean vehicles, batteries and other sectors. The bulk of the workforce are employed in the construction and professional services industries. In 2024, clean energy employed about seven times more workers than the fossil fuel industry (80,600) in the state.

The data in this report predates the July 2025 passage of the federal “One Big Beautiful Bill Act,” which is expected to slow clean energy job growth nationwide. Still, the job numbers point to a resilient and essential clean energy workforce. Increased energy demand and the clean energy-related policies the state enacted during the 2025 legislative session position California’s clean energy economy to play an important role in shaping the state’s economic future.

Summary

New York’s clean energy industry added 7,774 workers in 2023. With a 4.7-percent growth rate, clean energy is adding jobs much more quickly than overall employment in the state, which grew 1.6 percent. New York’s clean energy workforce ranked fourth nationally in 2023, with 173,731 jobs. Most of the workforce was in the construction and professional services industries. In 2023 in New York, there were 2.4 times more clean energy jobs than fossil fuel jobs. Seven New York counties made the list of the Top 100 counties for clean energy jobs in the entire U.S.: New York (49,103 jobs), Suffolk (15,582), Nassau (13,262), Queens (11,993), Westchester (9,612), Erie (9,448), and Kings (8,442).

• RENEWABLE GENERATION: Renewable generation grew 7 percent in 2023, bringing New York’s renewable generation workforce to 22,064—fifth-largest nationally. Solar and wind account for the majority of the sector’s workforce with 15,490 jobs and 4,482 jobs respectively.
• ENERGY EFFICIENCY: Energy efficiency is New York’s largest clean energy sector with 129,946 workers. The sector grew 3.1 percent in 2023.
• STORAGE AND GRID MODERNIZATION: Jobs in battery, storage, and grid modernization grew 5.8 percent in 2023, making the sector the third-fastest growing clean energy sector in the state. New York’s storage and grid modernization workforce totaled 4,895 in 2023—No. 8 nationally. 
• CLEAN VEHICLES: The fastest-growing workforce in New York’s clean energy industry is clean vehicles. Clean vehicles jobs grew 16 percent in 2023 and the sector now employs 14,981 workers. The sector grew much faster than New York’s gas/diesel vehicles sector, which ticked up 0.5 percent in 2023.
• CLEAN FUELS: New York’s clean fuels workforce is the state’s smallest clean energy sector, with 1,846 jobs. Despite being a small clean energy employer, clean fuels jobs in New York grew at a healthy 3.7 percent rate.

Pennsylvania’s clean energy workforce added 4,436 workers in 2023. With a 4.6 percent growth rate, clean energy is adding jobs much more quickly than overall employment in the state, which grew 1.2 percent. Pennsylvania’s clean energy workforce ranked 10th nationally in 2023, with 100,704 jobs.1 Most of the workforce was in the construction and manufacturing industries. Four Pennsylvania counties made the list of the Top 100 counties for clean energy jobs in the entire U.S.: Allegheny (13,215), Montgomery (9,722), Philadelphia (9,313), and Lehigh (8,103). 

• RENEWABLE GENERATION: Renewable generation grew 5.7 percent in 2023, bringing Pennsylvania’s renewable generation workforce to 12,014—13th-largest nationally. Solar and wind account for the majority of the sector’s workforce with 6,731 jobs and 3,255 jobs respectively. 
• ENERGY EFFICIENCY: Energy efficiency is Pennsylvania’s largest clean energy sector with 72,913 workers. The sector grew 4.2 percent in 2023, the nation’s 14th-fastest growing energy efficiency workforce. 
• STORAGE AND GRID MODERNIZATION: Jobs in battery, storage, and grid modernization grew 5 percent in 2023, making the sector the third-fastest growing clean energy sector in the state. Pennsylvania’s storage and grid modernization workforce totaled 4,200 in 2023—No. 11 nationally. 
• CLEAN VEHICLES: The fastest-growing workforce in Pennsylvania’s clean energy industry is in clean vehicles. Clean vehicles jobs grew 6.4 percent in 2023 and the sector now employs 10,141 workers. The sector grew much faster than Pennsylvania’s gas/diesel vehicles, which inched up 1 percent in 2023. 
• CLEAN FUELS: Pennsylvania’s clean fuels workforce is the state’s smallest clean energy sector, with 1,436 jobs. Despite being a small clean energy sector, clean fuels jobs grew at a healthy 4.4 percent rate. 

Summary

California’s clean energy workforce added 21,622 new workers in 2023, growing 4.1 percent and adding jobs at a much faster rate than the state’s overall employment, which grew by only 0.2 percent. The state ranked 1st for largest clean energy workforce nationally for 2023, with 544,604 clean energy jobs in total. The bulk of the workforce were in construction and professional services industries. In 2023, there were 7 times more clean energy than fossil fuel jobs in California. Two counties are in the top three list for most clean energy jobs in the nation: Los Angeles (101,437 jobs) and Orange (58,520 jobs), and five California counties are in the top ten.

• RENEWABLE GENERATION: Renewable generation grew 2.6 percent in 2023, bringing California’s renewable generation workforce to 136,591 individuals–the largest in the country. Solar and wind account for the majority of the sector’s workforce with 117,946 jobs and 8,132 jobs respectively.
• ENERGY EFFICIENCY: Energy efficiency is California’s largest clean energy sector with 302,176 workers. The sector grew 2.6 percent in 2023.
• STORAGE AND GRID MODERNIZATION: Jobs in battery, storage, and grid modernization grew 4.1 percent in 2023, making the sector the second fastest growing clean energy sector in the state behind clean vehicles. California’s storage and grid modernization workforce totaled 24,940 in 2023–by far the largest in the nation.
• CLEAN VEHICLES: The clean vehicles sector has the fastest growing workforce in California’s clean energy industry, growing
  14.3 percent in 2023 to employ a total of 74,923 workers. The sector grew much faster than the gas/diesel vehicles sector in California, which shrunk by -0.62 percent in 2023.
• CLEAN FUELS: California’s clean fuels workforce makes up the smallest clean energy sector in the state with 5,974 total jobs. Despite being the smallest clean energy sector, jobs in clean fuels grew at a rate of 1.6 percent in California.

Georgia’s clean energy workforce added 3,809 new workers in 2023, growing 4.9 percent and adding jobs at a much faster rate than the state’s overall employment, which grew 1.3 percent. Georgia had the 15th-largest clean energy workforce for 2023 among all 50 states, with 82,163 clean energy jobs in total. The bulk of the workforce were in construction and manufacturing industries. In 2023, clean energy accounted for over 9 times more jobs than fossil fuels in Georgia. Two Georgia counties made the top 75 list for most clean energy jobs by county in the nation: Fulton County (13,869 jobs) and Henry County (9,206 jobs).

• RENEWABLE GENERATION: Renewable generation grew 6.3 percent in 2023, bringing Georgia’s renewable generation workforce to 11,162 individuals—the 15th largest in the country. Solar and wind account for the majority of the sector’s workforce, with 8,194 jobs and 1,433 jobs respectively.
• ENERGY EFFICIENCY: Energy efficiency is Georgia’s largest clean energy sector, with 58,067 workers. The sector grew 4.4 percent in 2023, tied for the 10th-fastest growing energy efficiency workforce in the nation.
• STORAGE AND GRID MODERNIZATION: Jobs in battery, storage, and grid modernization grew 5.1 percent in 2023, bringing Georgia’s storage and grid modernization workforce to 4,593 individuals—the 9th largest in the nation. Clean storage made up the majority of the sector’s workforce, with 2,035 jobs.
• CLEAN VEHICLES: The clean vehicles sector was the third-fastest growing workforce in Georgia’s clean energy industry, growing 5.6 percent in 2023 to employ a total of 7,821 workers.
• CLEAN FUELS: Georgia’s clean fuels workforce makes up the smallest clean energy sector in the state with 519 total jobs. Despite being the smallest clean energy sector in Georgia, jobs in clean fuels grew at a rate of 9.1 percent, the strongest growth among all of Georgia’s clean energy sectors.

Summary

There are over 13,453 clean energy jobs in New Mexico. The clean energy workforce added 770 new workers in 2023, growing 6.1 percent and adding jobs at a much faster rate than the state’s overall employment, which grew 2.3 percent. The bulk of the workforce were in construction and professional services industries. In 2023, clean energy accounted for 19.4 percent of all energy jobs in New Mexico. The top three counties for most clean energy jobs are Bernalillo County (6,606 jobs), Santa Fe County (1,149 jobs), and Dona Ana County (1,052 jobs).

• RENEWABLE GENERATION: Renewable generation grew 3.8 percent in 2023, bringing New Mexico’s renewable generation workforce to 4,904 individuals. Solar and wind account for the majority of the sector’s workforce with 3,403 jobs and 1,192 jobs respectively.
• ENERGY EFFICIENCY: Energy efficiency is New Mexico’s largest clean energy sector with 6,486 workers. The sector grew 7.0 percent in 2023, the fastest growing energy efficiency workforce in the nation.
• STORAGE AND GRID MODERNIZATION: Jobs in battery, storage, and grid modernization grew 6.0 percent, with a workforce totaling 820 in 2023.
• CLEAN VEHICLES: The clean vehicles sector grew 9.5 percent in 2023 to employ a total of 1,073 workers making the sector the second fastest growing clean energy sector in the state behind clean fuels. The sector grew much faster than the gas/diesel vehicles sector in New Mexico, which grew 1 percent in 2023.
• CLEAN FUELS: New Mexico’s clean fuels workforce makes up the smallest clean energy sector in the state with 171 total jobs. Clean fuel jobs grew at a rate of 16.5 percent from 2022 to 2023.

Summary:

Colorado’s clean energy workforce added 3,298 new workers in 2023, growing 5.2 percent and adding jobs at a much faster rate than the state’s overall employment, which grew 2.5 percent. The state has the 18th largest clean energy workforce nationally in 2023, with 67,060 clean energy jobs in total. The bulk of the workforce were in construction and professional services industries. In 2023, clean energy accounted for over two times more jobs than fossil fuels in Colorado. Three counties made the top 100 list for most clean energy jobs in the nation: Denver County (12,968 jobs), Arapahoe County (7,539 jobs), and Jefferson County (7,209 jobs).

• RENEWABLE GENERATION: Renewable generation grew 3.9 percent in 2023, bringing Colorado’s renewable generation workforce to 18,718 individuals—the seventh largest in the country. Solar and wind account for the majority of the sector’s workforce with 9,017 jobs and 7,880 jobs respectively.
• ENERGY EFFICIENCY: Energy efficiency is Colorado’s largest clean energy sector with 37,835 workers. The sector grew 5.5 percent in 2023, the third fastest growing energy efficiency workforce in the nation.
• STORAGE AND GRID MODERNIZATION: Jobs in battery, storage, and grid modernization grew 4.4 percent in 2023, making this sector the third fastest growing clean energy sector in the state behind energy efficiency and clean vehicles. Colorado’s storage and grid modernization workforce totaled 3,383 in 2023— the 15th largest in the nation.
• CLEAN VEHICLES: The clean vehicles sector has the fastest growing workforce in Colorado’s clean energy industry, growing 10.1 percent in 2023 to employ a total of 5,148 workers. The sector grew much faster than the gas/diesel vehicles sector in Colorado, which shrunk 1.4 percent in 2023.
• CLEAN FUELS: Colorado’s clean fuels workforce makes up the smallest clean energy sector in the state with 1,976 total jobs. Clean fuel jobs shrunk 0.1 percent in Colorado from 2022 to 2023.