Introduction
This Clean Economy Works (CEW) analysis is part of E2’s ongoing monthly tracking of large-scale clean energy project announcements, cancellations, closures, and downsizes across the United States. This analysis monitors private-sector investment in clean energy manufacturing, generation, and grid infrastructure projects since federal energy tax credits were passed in August 2022. The tracking excludes projects that began, were proposed, sited, or in anyway began development prior to the IRA, as well as those funded entirely by federal sources or lacking specific geographic data. CEW measures key indicators including investment value, job creation or losses, project types (manufacturing, generation, research and development), and distribution by sector, state, and congressional district.
Since 2025, this analysis began to include all project cancellations, closures, and downsizings going back to August 2022 due to rising business uncertainty about the future of U.S. clean energy policy, culiminating in the rollback and restriction of energy tax credits included in the federal tax and spending bill passed in July 2025. E2’s methodology excludes temporary delays or ownership transfers that do not impact production capacity. E2’s tracking of cancelled and closed projects includes developments that may not have been counted as an announcement because they had been proposed, announced, broken ground, or opened prior to August 2022.
This dataset provides a comprehensive look at the evolving U.S. clean energy economy—highlighting the impact of federal policy changes, supply chain dynamics, and market shifts on America’s clean energy workforce and investment pipeline.
October Highlights
$4.4 Billion
in new investments abandoned
8,698
jobs cancelled
$352 Million
in new investments announced
1,000
new jobs announced
Overview
E2’s latest analysis finds that that companies canceled, closed or downsized nine major clean energy projects in October (including one disclosed on Sept. 30) that would have otherwise resulted in more than $4.4 billion in economic investments and an estimated 8,700 new jobs. During the same month, only one new project was announced, a battery storage operation in Pennsylvania.
Year-to-date through October 2025, companies have canceled, closed, or scaled back 51 large-scale clean energy projects, according to analysis by E2 of projects tracked by E2 and the Clean Economy Tracker. The cancelation of these projects represent the loss of nearly $28.8 billion in private investment in new factories and projects nationwide, nearly 30,000 new jobsthat were previously announced.
The findings emphasize the rising risk and uncertainty to the U.S. economy – and future energy supplies – as the overall trajectory of clean energy projects continues to slow sharply amid policy challenges and new federal roadblocks to clean energy development.
Cancellation Findings
Project cancellations and downsizing accelerated significantly through October, reflecting growing uncertainty in the clean energy sector and a sharp pullback from manufacturers that had previously committed major capital investments. The abandoned projects—including high-impact electric vehicle, battery, and solar factories and other projects—represent substantial economic losses to states, workers, and communities that had been preparing for long-term industrial growth.
- Nine recent project abandonments and downsizes in October include the loss of more than $4.4 billionin investments and at least 8,700 previously announced jobs at major EV, battery and other clean energy related facotires in Mississippi, Tennessee, Michigan, and Ohio and elsewhere.
- Nissan (MS)– 2,000 jobs lost; $500M abandoned (9/30)
- Enchem (TN)– 190 jobs lost; $152.5M abandoned (10/1)
- General Motors (OH)– 1,520 jobs lost; $760M abandoned (10/2)
- GAF Energy (CA)– 138 jobs lost; R&D facility closed (10/15)
- Gotion (MI)– 2,350 jobs lost; $2.36B abandoned (10/24)
- GM (MI)downsizing – 1,200 jobs impacted; investment reduction not disclosed (10/29)
- GM/LG Energy Solution (OH)downsizing – 550 jobs impacted; investment reduction not disclosed (10/29)
- Xalt Energy (MI)– 550 jobs lost; $600M abandoned (10/31)
- Dana (MI)– 200 jobs lost; $54.2M abandoned (10/21)
- Fifty-one large-scale clean energy projectshave been canceled, closed, or downsized in 2025—more than any previous year since the IRA passed. These projects were expected to create 29,944 new jobs and included $28.77 billion in planned investments that are now lost.
- Manufacturing facilitiesaccount for nearly all losses—accounting for 45 of the 51 projects abandoned in 2025 and over 29,000 jobs and $24.2 billion in investment lost.
- EV and battery/storage projects continue to drive the majority of cancellations:24 EV projects and 25 battery/storage projects have been abandoned since 2025
- Republican congressional districtshave experienced the greatest economic fallout: 37 canceled projects, 21,916 lost jobs, and $16.9 billion in abandoned investments compared with 24 projects, 13,248 jobs, and $9.9 billion in lost investment in Democratic-held districts, and 13 projects, 4,378 jobs, and $4.6 billion in lost investment where the specific district is yet to be the determined.
Announcement Findings
Just a single new clean energy project announcement was made in October, the lowest number since E2 began tracking announcements in August 2022:
- Eos Energy Storage (PA)– Battery/storage manufacturing plant expected to create 1,000 jobs and result in $352.9 million in investments.
- Since E2 began tracking projects in August 2022, companies have announced a total of 417 major clean energy manufacturing, generation, and grid projectsacross 42 states and Puerto Rico. These announced projects represent 124,241 planned jobs and about $132.33 billion in total investment.
Context and Implications
The latest CEW data shows that the U.S. clean energy economy is entering a period of instability driven largely by shifting federal policies, new federal roadblocks to clean energy development and the rollback of clean energy tax incentives. The acceleration of cancellations in October and throughout 2025 signals that this momentum is increasingly fragile.
The implications extend beyond the clean energy sector: these projects represent some of the largest new manufacturing investments in decades, often located in rural or historically industrial communities. As policy instability increases, so does the risk that these regions will not only lose out on once-in-a-generation opportunities, but be able ever to regain the ground lost.
The stakes are high. The trajectory of cancellations this year is an early warning indicator: Without durable policy commitment, the U.S. could forfeit both the economic and strategic benefits of global leadership in the energy sector.
About this Analysis
Announcements
Projects that began development, were proposed, or applied for local and state approval before the passage of the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) are not included. This analysis also does not include investments in which the federal government has provided financial resources for the complete project, lease sales, projects in which an announcement was made but lacked specific geographic information, etc. Details on projects came from news reports on new and related projects; press releases from companies announcing new developments; and government announcements.
Cancellations, Closures, Downsizes
This tracking includes all projects, plants, operations, or expansions that were cancelled or closed since passage of the IRA in August 2022. This does not include announced layoffs that are not associated with a project downsizing unless there is a stated decease in production output. This list also does not include the transfer of project ownership, if production will continue under the new ownership, power purchasing agreements, or other similar type of announcements. Project delays or idling of facilities are not included unless there in an announced decrease in production or investment or unless the project will need to be restarted to proceed in the future.
Tables detailing the large-scale clean energy project announcements and project cancellations, closures, and downsizes made since August 16, 2022 are below. **Tables are auto-updating and reflect the latest updates. To see the October 2025-specific tables, download the report above.**
Appendix A | Latest projects announced
Appendix B | Latest project abandonments
Appendix C | Projects announced by year 2022- 2025
Appendix D | Total projects abandoned by year 2022-2025
Appendix E | Total projects announced by sector; Aug. 2022 –
Appendix F | Total projects abandoned by sector; Aug. 2022 –
Appendix G | Total projects announced by type; Aug. 2022 –
Appendix H | Total projects abandoned by type; Aug. 2022 –
Appendix I | Total projects announced by congressional district; Aug. 2022 –
Appendix J | Total projects abandoned by congressional district; Aug. 2022 –
Appendix K | Total projects announced by state; Aug. 2022 –
Appendix L | Total projects abandoned by state; Aug. 2022 –
Tables
APPENDIX A
latest projects announced
| Date | Developer | State | Sector | Type | Investments | Jobs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12/4 | Desert Mountain Energy | NM | Battery/Storage | Manufacturing | ||
| 12/12 | Anthro Energy | KY | Battery/Storage | Manufacturing | 110 | |
| 12/15 | Ford & Contemporary Amperex Technology | KY | Battery/Storage | Manufacturing | 2,100 | |
| 12/16 | Giga Energy | TX | Grid, Transmission and Electrification | Manufacturing | 100 | |
| 12/16 | Sanmina | TX | Grid, Transmission and Electrification | Manufacturing | ||
| 12/22 | Toyo Solar | TX | Solar | Manufacturing | 750 |
APPENDIX B
latest project abandonments
| Date | Developer | State | Update | Sector | Type | Investments Lost | Jobs Lost |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12/2/25 | Mullen Automotive | MS | EV | Manufacturing | 800 | ||
| 12/2/25 | Bollinger Motors | MI | EV | Manufacturing | 118 | ||
| 12/2/25 | Mullen Automotive | CA | Battery/Storage; EV | Manufacturing | 200 | ||
| 12/2/25 | Bollinger Motors | MI | EV | Manufacturing | 119 | ||
| 12/11/25 | SK On | TN | EV; Battery/Storage | Manufacturing | 3,300 | ||
| 12/15/25 | Ford | OH | EV | Manufacturing | 1,800 | ||
| 12/15/25 | Ford & Contemporary Amperex Technology | KY | EV; Battery/Storage | Manufacturing | 1,600 | ||
| 12/16/25 | Ford & Contemporary Amperex Technology | MI | EV; Battery/Storage | Manufacturing | 7,937 |
APPENDIX C
projects announced by year 2022- 2025
| Year | Projects | Investments | Jobs |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 70 | 41,269,500,000 | 28,831 |
| 2023 | 188 | 65,644,200,000 | 59,986 |
| 2024 | 85 | 15,863,729,000 | 18,820 |
| 2025 | 85 | 12,349,195,000 | 22,905 |
| Total | 428 | 135,126,624,000 | 130,542 |
APPENDIX D
projects abandoned by year 2022-2025
| Year | Projects | Investment Lost | Jobs Lost |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2023 | 10 | 1,019,000,000 | 2,122 |
| 2024 | 15 | 2,471,500,000 | 8,346 |
| 2025 | 61 | 34,764,800,000 | 38,031 |
| Total | 86 | 38,255,300,000 | 48,499 |
APPENDIX E
total projects announced by sector; Aug. 2022 —
| Sector | Projects | Investment | Jobs |
|---|---|---|---|
| Battery/Storage | 71 | 28,876 | |
| Biofuel | 1 | 40 | |
| Energy Efficiency | 1 | 200 | |
| EV | 150 | 64,156 | |
| Geothermal | 1 | 0 | |
| Grid, Transmission and Electrification | 53 | 11,223 | |
| Hydrogen | 20 | 2,977 | |
| Semiconductor | 0 | 1,970 | |
| Solar | 101 | 34,304 | |
| Wind | 28 | 3,254 |
APPENDIX F
total projects abandoned by sector; Aug. 2022 —
| Sector | Projects | Investment Lost | Jobs Lost |
|---|---|---|---|
| Battery/Storage | 36 | 22,623,000,000 | 22,621 |
| Biofuel | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Energy Efficiency | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| EV | 51 | 24,273,300,000 | 33,161 |
| Geothermal | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Grid, Transmission and Electrification | 1 | 150,000,000 | 600 |
| Hydrogen | 4 | 1,460,000,000 | 1,080 |
| Semiconductor | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Solar | 9 | 2,850,000,000 | 2,937 |
| Wind | 7 | 1,500,000,000 | 2,960 |
APPENDIX G
total projects announced by type; Aug. 2022 —
| Type | Projects | Investment | Jobs |
|---|---|---|---|
| Generation | 50 | 3,746 | |
| Manufacturing | 350 | 124,181 | |
| R&D | 11 | 872 | |
| Recycling, Repair, and Maintenance | 16 | 1,476 |
APPENDIX H
total projects abandoned by type; Aug. 2022 —
| Type | Projects | Investment Lost | Jobs Lost |
|---|---|---|---|
| Generation | 9 | 4,520,000,000 | 2,730 |
| Manufacturing | 76 | 33,735,300,000 | 45,631 |
| R&D | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Recycling, Repair, and Maintenance | 1 | 0 | 138 |
APPENDIX I
total projects announced by congressional district; Aug. 2022 —
| Party | Projects | Investments | Jobs |
|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 265 | 108,763,054,000 | 94,222 |
| Democratic | 137 | 22,735,420,000 | 32,240 |
| Unknown | 26 | 3,628,150,000 | 4,080 |
APPENDIX J
total projects abandoned by congressional district; Aug. 2022 —
| Party | Projects | Investment Lost | Jobs Lost |
|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 43 | 22,478,000,000 | 29,416 |
| Democratic | 30 | 11,147,300,000 | 14,705 |
| Unknown | 13 | 4,630,000,000 | 4,378 |
APPENDIX K
total projects announced by state; Aug. 2022 —
| State | Projects | Investments | Jobs |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 10 | 2,819,200,000 | 1,711 |
| Arizona | 12 | 6,225,000,000 | 2,962 |
| Arkansas | 3 | 250,000,000 | 525 |
| California | 16 | 3,750,000,000 | 1,810 |
| Colorado | 5 | 40,000,000 | 820 |
| Connecticut | 4 | 24,800,000 | 100 |
| Florida | 6 | 176,000,000 | 450 |
| Georgia | 38 | 13,269,000,000 | 18,080 |
| Illinois | 12 | 2,768,600,000 | 3,108 |
| Indiana | 12 | 7,279,000,000 | 6,922 |
| Iowa | 4 | 17,000,000 | 102 |
| Kansas | 3 | 110,000,000 | 180 |
| Kentucky | 12 | 4,600,900,000 | 4,971 |
| Louisiana | 7 | 1,728,000,000 | 1,238 |
| Maine | 1 | 6,000,000 | 200 |
| Maryland | 4 | 316,370,000 | 325 |
| Massachusetts | 6 | 45,700,000 | 1,041 |
| Michigan | 30 | 11,575,800,000 | 9,812 |
| Minnesota | 5 | 207,200,000 | 875 |
| Mississippi | 7 | 2,291,950,000 | 2,990 |
| Missouri | 5 | 250,000,000 | 591 |
| Nebraska | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Nevada | 7 | 6,600,000,000 | 5,250 |
| New Hampshire | 2 | 16,300,000 | 0 |
| New Jersey | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| New Mexico | 8 | 2,355,000,000 | 3,442 |
| New York | 14 | 801,000,000 | 1,828 |
| North Carolina | 30 | 20,467,759,000 | 11,912 |
| North Dakota | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Ohio | 19 | 7,283,300,000 | 5,164 |
| Oklahoma | 5 | 4,270,000,000 | 1,310 |
| Oregon | 2 | 43,000,000 | 0 |
| Pennsylvania | 8 | 583,500,000 | 1,738 |
| Puerto Rico | 1 | 0 | 800 |
| Rhode Island | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| South Carolina | 35 | 14,991,000,000 | 15,077 |
| Tennessee | 27 | 5,784,300,000 | 5,775 |
| Texas | 37 | 9,722,720,000 | 14,982 |
| Utah | 3 | 1,000,000,000 | 0 |
| Vermont | 1 | 0 | 12 |
| Virginia | 12 | 1,717,225,000 | 2,630 |
| West Virginia | 4 | 1,335,000,000 | 850 |
| Wisconsin | 7 | 242,000,000 | 462 |
APPENDIX L
total projects abandoned by state; Aug. 2022 —
| State | Projects | Investment Lost | Jobs Lost |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 1 | 0 | 45 |
| Arizona | 5 | 1,750,000,000 | 3,895 |
| Arkansas | 1 | 0 | 545 |
| California | 5 | 2,478,500,000 | 708 |
| Colorado | 5 | 840,000,000 | 1,912 |
| Georgia | 4 | 3,362,000,000 | 1,327 |
| Illinois | 3 | 3,270,000,000 | 2,655 |
| Indiana | 2 | 2,443,000,000 | 1,740 |
| Kansas | 1 | 0 | 900 |
| Kentucky | 3 | 814,000,000 | 2,292 |
| Massachusetts | 2 | 370,000,000 | 100 |
| Michigan | 18 | 8,771,300,000 | 10,866 |
| Missouri | 1 | 574,000,000 | 150 |
| Mississippi | 2 | 836,000,000 | 2,800 |
| New Jersey | 3 | 0 | 1,300 |
| New York | 8 | 3,000,000,000 | 1,770 |
| North Carolina | 1 | 1,400,000,000 | 1,062 |
| Ohio | 4 | 2,300,000,000 | 4,320 |
| Oklahoma | 3 | 320,000,000 | 2,500 |
| Oregon | 1 | 0 | 418 |
| South Carolina | 3 | 1,700,000,000 | 1,520 |
| Tennessee | 4 | 3,552,500,000 | 4,310 |
| Texas | 1 | 0 | 150 |
| Virginia | 2 | 309,000,000 | 350 |
| Washington | 2 | 15,000,000 | 264 |
| West Virginia | 1 | 0 | 600 |