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Cancellations now total $15.5 billion since January; nearly 12,000 jobs lost
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GOP districts see $9 billion in investments; 10,000 jobs disappear due to cancelled or delayed projects so far
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$444 million in new investments announced in May don’t offset cancellations
WASHINGTON – As the U.S. Senate prepares to vote on massive tax and spending bill that would increase taxes on clean energy factories and projects, businesses canceled another $1.4 billion in new factories and clean energy projects in May, according to E2’s latest monthly analysis of clean energy projects tracked by E2 and Clean Economy Tracker.
The latest cancellations – including battery, electric vehicle and solar panel factories in West Virginia, New York, Alabama, Arizona and Washington – mean $15.5 billion in new factories and electricity projects have been cancelled since January 1. The cancelled projects were expected to create nearly 12,000 new jobs.
Republican congressional districts are losing the most. More than $9 billion in investments and almost 10,000 jobs have been cancelled, delayed or closed in Republican districts so far in 2025. Over $1.8 billion and nearly 1,200 jobs have been lot in Democratic districts.
The $1.4 billion in projects cancelled in May were expected to create at least 1,000 new jobs. Another 600 workers were laid off across five closures announced last month. May’s cancellations also include GM’s decision to cancel plans for an EV factory in Tonawanda plant in New York and instead shift its investments there to build 8-cylinder gas vehicles.
Following is a statement from MICHAEL TIMBERLAKE, E2 COMMUNICATIONS DIRECTOR:
“The consequences of continued policy uncertainty and the expectation of higher taxes on clean energy businesses are becoming painfully clear. Businesses are reacting to the Senate’s proposal—like the House’s— that would drastically scale back the very tax credits that had been driving an American energy and manufacturing boom.
“These cancellations are just the first shoe to drop. With renewable energy supplying more than 90 percent of new electricity in America last year, canceled projects will likely mean less available energy and higher electricity prices for consumers and business alike.”
Amid the cancellations, businesses in May also announced nearly $450 million in investments for new solar, EV and grid and transmission equipment factories across five states – including a $120 million investment by electric vehicle maker Rivian to build 1.2 million-square-foot supplier park in Illinois that is expected to create 100 new jobs. Separately, Prolec-GE Waukesh announced plans for a $140 million electricity transformer manufacturing facility in North Carolina expected to create 330 new jobs. Combined, the eight projects announced in May are expected to create at least 1,310 new permanent jobs if completed.
Through May, 62 percent of all clean energy projects announced—along with 71 percent of all jobs and 82 percent of all investments —are in congressional districts represented by Republicans.
According to a separate report from the Clean Energy Buyers Association, average household utility bills would rise by more than $110 per year and businesses would see at least a 10 percent increase in energy costs if Congress goes forward with its plans to repeal clean energy tax credits.
May’s announcements bring the overall number of major clean energy projects tracked by E2 to 397 across 42 states and Puerto Rico. Companies have said they plan to invest nearly $132 billion in these projects and hire 123,000 permanent workers. (These figures reflect ongoing revisions and updates).
Since federal clean energy tax credits were passed by Congress in August 2022, a total of 53 announced projects have been cancelled, closed, or downsized. More than 21,000 jobs and $18.2 billion in investments were connected with the abandoned projects.
A full map and list of announcements is available at e2.org/announcements/. Cancellation data will be incorporated in the coming months.
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Detailed below is a list of May clean energy announcements tracked by E2 along with totals by state, sector, congressional district, and industry type for projects announced, cancelled, downsized, and closed since E2 began tracking in August 2022.
Clean Economy Works May 2025 | projects announced by date
| Date | Company/Org | State | Source | Sector | Type | Jobs | Investment | |
| 5/5 | Rivian | IL | Link | EV | Manufacturing | 93 | $119,600,000 | |
| 5/6 | Commercial Solar Panel Recycling | NJ | Link | Solar | Recycling | |||
| 5/9 | HSP US LLC | NC | Link | Grid, Transmission and Electrification | Manufacturing | 74 | $50,000,000 | |
| 5/12 | Reinhausen Manufacturing | TN | Link | Grid, Transmission and Electrification | Manufacturing | |||
| 5/13 | Damera | IL | Link | EV | Manufacturing | 90 | $31,500,000 | |
| 5/14 | Hyosung Hico | TN | Link | Grid, Transmission and Electrification | Manufacturing | 123 | $50,800,000 | |
| 5/14 | Prolec GE Waukesha | NC | Link | Grid, Transmission and Electrification | Manufacturing | 330 | $140,000,000 | |
| 5/20 | GTI Energy | AZ | Link | Grid, Transmission and Electrification | Manufacturing | 600 | $53,000,000 | |
Clean Economy Works 2025 | projects cancelled, closed, downsized by date 2022-2025
| Date | Developer | State | Update | Link | Sector | Type | Jobs Lost | Investments Lost |
| 1/10/23 | Philadelphia Solar | TX | Cancelled | Link | Solar | Manufacturing | 150 | |
| 1/19/23 | Proterra | CA | Closure | Link | Battery/Storage | Manufacturing | 300 | |
| 6/13/23 | Lightning eMotors | CO | Downsized | Link | EV | Manufacturing | 80 | |
| 6/27/23 | Nu Ride (formerly Lordstown Motors) | OH | Closure | Link | EV | Manufacturing | 450 | 40,000,000 |
| 6/30/23 | Microvast | KY | Cancelled | Link | Battery/Storage | Manufacturing | 562 | 504,000,000 |
| 10/31/23 | Orsted | NJ | Cancelled | Link | Wind | Generation | ||
| 10/31/23 | Orsted | NJ | Cancelled | Link | Wind | Generation | ||
| 11/10/23 | Siemens Gamesa | VA | Cancelled | Link | Wind | Manufacturing | 260 | 200,000,000 |
| 12/16/23 | Lightning eMotors | CO | Closure | Link | EV | Manufacturing | 250 | |
| 5/6/24 | Canoo | AR | Closure | Link | EV | Manufacturing | 545 | |
| 7/19/24 | VSK Energy | CO | Cancelled | Link | Solar | Manufacturing | 900 | 250,000,000 |
| 8/2/24 | Applied Materials | VA | Cancelled | Link | Battery/Storage | Manufacturing | 90 | 109,000,000 |
| 8/12/24 | Lear Corporation | MI | Cancelled | Link | EV | Manufacturing | 167 | 80,000,000 |
| 8/12/24 | Lear Corporation | MI | Cancelled | Link | EV | Manufacturing | 167 | 16,250,000 |
| 8/12/24 | Lear Corporation | MI | Cancelled | Link | EV | Manufacturing | 166 | 16,250,000 |
| 8/15/24 | Piedmont Lithium | TN | Cancelled | Link | Battery/Storage | Manufacturing | 120 | 600,000,000 |
| 8/26/24 | Meyer Burger | CO | Cancelled | Link | Solar | Manufacturing | 350 | 400,000,000 |
| 9/10/24 | Wheatland Tube | IL | Closure | Link | Solar | Manufacturing | 237 | 0 |
| 11/27/24 | TotalEnergies | NY | Cancelled | Link | Wind | Generation | 1,300 | |
| 11/27/24 | TotalEnergies | NJ | Cancelled | Link | Wind | Generation | 1,300 | |
| 12/2/24 | Lion Electric | IL | Closure | Link | EV | Manufacturing | 1,418 | 70,000,000 |
| 12/10/24 | Nippon Denkai | GA | Cancelled | Link | Other | Manufacturing | 250 | 430,000,000 |
| 12/31/24 | ZF | MI | Cancelled | Link | EV | Manufacturing | 536 | |
| 1/2/25 | REC Silicon | WA | Closure | Link | Solar | Manufacturing | 244 | |
| 1/17/25 | Solar Partners | CA | Downsized | Link | Solar | Generation | 2,200,000,000 | |
| 1/24/25 | Prysmian | MA | Cancelled | Link | Wind | Manufacturing | 100 | 200,000,000 |
| 1/28/25 | Magnis Energy Technologies | NY | Downsized | Link | Battery/Storage | Manufacturing | 80 | 140,000,000 |
| 2/4/25 | Kore Power | AZ | Cancelled | Link | Battery/Storage | Manufacturing | 3,000 | 1,200,000,000 |
| 2/5/25 | Envision AESC | SC | Cancelled | Link | Battery/Storage | Manufacturing | 1,080 | 1,500,000,000 |
| 2/6/25 | Freyr Battery | GA | Cancelled | Link | Battery/Storage | Manufacturing | 723 | 2,570,000,000 |
| 2/11/25 | Canoo | OK | Closure | Link | EV | Manufacturing | 2,000 | |
| 2/11/25 | Canoo | OK | Closure | Link | EV | Manufacturing | $320,000,000 (total) | |
| 2/11/25 | Canoo | OK | Closure | Link | EV | Manufacturing | 500 | $320,000,000 (total) |
| 2/11/25 | BorgWarner | MI | Closure | Link | EV | Manufacturing | 188 (total) | 10,600,000 |
| 2/11/25 | BorgWarner | MI | Closure | Link | EV | Manufacturing | 188 (total) | 40,000,000 |
| 2/17/25 | Aspen Aerogels | GA | Cancelled | Link | EV | Manufacturing | 250 | 325,000,000 |
| 2/24/25 | Air Products | NY | Cancelled | Link | Hydrogen | Generation | 90 | 500,000,000 |
| 2/24/25 | Nikola | AZ | Downsized | Link | EV | Manufacturing | 315 | |
| 2/27/25 | Ascend | KY | Downsized | Link | Battery/Storage | Manufacturing | 130 | 310,000,000 |
| 3/3/25 | Bosch | SC | Cancelled | Link | Hydrogen | Manufacturing | 350 | 200,000,000 |
| 3/11/25 | Proterra | SC | Downsized | Link | Battery/Storage | Manufacturing | 90 | |
| 4/14/25 | Stellantis | IL | Cancelled | Link | Battery/Storage | Manufacturing | 1,000 | 3,200,000,000 |
| 4/17/25 | SungEel HiTech Co | GA | Cancelled | Link | Battery/Storage | Manufacturing | 104 | 37,000,000 |
| 4/25/25 | RWE | SC | Cancelled | Link | Wind | Generation | 1,100,000,000 | |
| 4/28/25 | Juniper Power | MA | Cancelled | Link | Battery/Storage | Manufacturing | 170,000,000 | |
| 5/8/25 | Cleveland-Cliffs | WV | Cancelled | Link | Grid, Transmission and Electrification | Manufacturing | 600 | 150,000,000 |
| 5/13/25 | OneD Battery Sciences | WA | Closure | Link | Battery/Storage | Manufacturing | 20 | 15,000,000 |
| 5/14/25 | Li-Cycle | AL | Closure | Link | Battery/Storage | Manufacturing | 45 | |
| 5/14/25 | Li-Cycle | AZ | Closure | Link | Battery/Storage | Manufacturing | 40 | |
| 5/14/25 | Li-Cycle | NY | Closure | Link | Battery/Storage | Manufacturing | ||
| 5/14/25 | Li-Cycle | NY | Cancelled | Link | Battery/Storage | Manufacturing | 270 | 960,000,000 |
| 5/27/25 | General Motors | NY | Cancelled | Link | EV | Manufacturing | 300,000,000 | |
| 5/29/25 | Meyer Burger | AZ | Closure | Link | Solar | Manufacturing | 500 |
Clean Economy Works | total projects announced by year Aug. 2022-May 2025
| Year | Projects | Jobs Announced | Investment Announced |
| 2022 | 72 | 31,131 | $43,489,500,000 |
| 2023 | 193 | 60,157 | $64,491,700,000 |
| 2024 | 86 | 19,952 | $19,649,229,000 |
| 2025 | 46 | 11,674 | $5,113,700,000 |
Clean Economy Works | total projects cancelled, closed, downsized by year 2022-2025
| Year | Projects | Jobs Announced/Lost | Investment Announced/Lost |
| 2022 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2023 | 9 | 2,052 | $744,000,000 |
| 2024 | 14 | 7,546 | $1,971,500,000 |
| 2025 | 30 | 11,719 | $15,447,600,000 |
Clean Economy Works | total projects announced by sector Aug. 2022-May 2025
| Sector | Projects | Jobs Announced | Investment Announced |
| Battery/Storage | 64 | 26,637 | $42,151,100,000 |
| Biofuel | 1 | 40 | $0 |
| Energy Efficiency | 1 | 200 | $6,000,000 |
| EV | 151 | 64,513 | $82,875,800,000 |
| Geothermal | 1 | 0 | $0 |
| Grid, Transmission and Electrification | 38 | 6,993 | $4,367,659,000 |
| Hydrogen | 19 | 3,556 | $6,139,600,000 |
| Semiconductor | 0 | 1,970 | $5,375,000,000 |
| Solar | 94 | 31,474 | $17,352,370,000 |
| Wind | 28 | 3,254 | $4,060,500,000 |
*totals will not match overall figures as some projects are categorized into multiple sectors
Clean Economy Works | total projects cancelled, closed, downsized by sector Aug. 2022-May 2025
| Sector | Projects | Jobs Announced/Lost | Investment Announced/ Lost |
| Battery/Storage | 19 | 8,154 | $11,315,000,000 |
| Biofuel | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Energy Efficiency | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| EV | 26 | 9,924 | $6,571,100,000 |
| Geothermal | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Grid, Transmission and Electrification | 1 | 600 | $150,000,000 |
| Hydrogen | 2 | 440 | $700,000,000 |
| Semiconductor | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Solar | 7 | 2,381 | $2,850,000,000 |
| Wind | 7 | 2,960 | $1,500,000,000 |
*totals will not match overall figures as some projects are categorized into multiple sectors
Clean Economy Works | total projects announced by type Aug. 2022-May 2025
| Type | Projects | Jobs | Investment |
| Generation | 47 | 3,786 | $9,521,370,000 |
| Manufacturing | 324 | 115,600 | $116,488,459,000 |
| R&D | 16 | 1,476 | $698,900,000 |
| Recycling, Repair, and Maintenance | 9 | 872 | $148,500,000 |
Clean Economy Works | total projects cancelled, closed, downsized by type Aug. 2022-May 2025
| Type | Projects | Jobs Announced/Lost | Investment Announced/Lost |
| Generation | 8 | 2,690 | $3,970,000,000 |
| Manufacturing | 45 | 18,627 | $14,193,100,000 |
| R&D | 0 | 0 | $0 |
| Recycling, Repair, and Maintenance | 0 | 0 | $0 |
Clean Economy Works | total projects announced by congressional district Aug. 2022-May 2025
| Party | Projects | Jobs Announced | Investments Announced |
| Republican | 245 | 88,867 | $109,087,629,000 |
| Democratic | 129 | 30,133 | $20,378,000,000 |
| Unknown | 23 | 4,134 | $3,278,500,000 |
Clean Economy Works | total projects cancelled, closed, downsized by congressional district Aug. 2022-May 2025
| Party | Projects | Jobs Announced/Lost | Investments Announced/Lost |
| Republican | 26 | 13,729 | $11,442,500,000 |
| Democratic | 14 | 3,210 | $2,090,600,000 |
| Unknown | 13 | 4,378 | $4,630,000,000 |
Clean Economy Works | total projects announced by state Aug. 2022-May 2025
| State | Projects | Jobs Announced | Investment Announced | State | Projects | Jobs Announced | Investment Announced | |
| Alabama | 10 | 1,711 | $2,819,200,000 | North Dakota | 1 | 0 | $0 | |
| Arkansas | 2 | 500 | $250,000,000 | Nebraska | 1 | 0 | $0 | |
| Arizona | 13 | 3,002 | $6,775,000,000 | New Hampshire | 1 | 0 | $16,300,000 | |
| California | 15 | 810 | $1,600,000,000 | New Jersey | 1 | 0 | $0 | |
| Colorado | 6 | 1,152 | $230,000,000 | New Mexico | 7 | 3,442 | $2,185,000,000 | |
| Connecticut | 4 | 100 | $24,800,000 | Nevada | 7 | 5,250 | $6,600,000,000 | |
| Florida | 6 | 450 | $176,000,000 | New York | 13 | 1,809 | $791,000,000 | |
| Georgia | 33 | 15,980 | $12,881,000,000 | Ohio | 19 | 4,934 | $7,093,300,000 | |
| Iowa | 4 | 102 | $17,000,000 | Oklahoma | 5 | 1,310 | $4,270,000,000 | |
| Illinois | 9 | 2,902 | $2,714,600,000 | Oregon | 2 | 0 | $43,000,000 | |
| Indiana | 13 | 7,262 | $8,679,000,000 | Pennsylvania | 4 | 427 | $126,100,000 | |
| Kansas | 3 | 180 | $110,000,000 | Puerto Rico | 1 | 800 | 0 | |
| Kentucky | 9 | 2,761 | $2,658,900,000 | Rhode Island | 1 | 0 | $0 | |
| Louisiana | 6 | 1,109 | $1,719,500,000 | South Carolina | 32 | 14,183 | $14,492,500,000 | |
| Massachusetts | 6 | 1,041 | $45,700,000 | Tennessee | 25 | 5,604 | $5,603,800,000 | |
| Maryland | 4 | 325 | $316,370,000 | Texas | 32 | 14,102 | $9,311,000,000 | |
| Maine | 1 | 200 | $6,000,000 | Utah | 3 | 0 | $1,000,000,000 | |
| Michigan | 34 | 12,149 | $12,514,800,000 | Virginia | 10 | 1,305 | $1,255,000,000 | |
| Minnesota | 4 | 700 | $155,000,000 | Vermont | 1 | 12 | $0 | |
| Missouri | 5 | 691 | $747,000,000 | Wisconsin | 7 | 462 | $242,000,000 | |
| Mississippi | 4 | 2,540 | $2,055,000,000 | West Virginia | 4 | 850 | $1,335,000,000 | |
| North Carolina | 29 | 12,757 | $21,765,259,000 |
Clean Economy Works | total projects cancelled, closed, downsized by state Aug. 2022-May 2025
| State | Projects | Jobs Announced/Lost | Investment Announced/Lost |
| Alabama | 1 | 45 | $0 |
| Arkansas | 1 | 545 | $0 |
| Arizona | 4 | 3,855 | $1,200,000,000 |
| California | 2 | 300 | $2,200,000,000 |
| Colorado | 4 | 1,580 | $650,000,000 |
| Georgia | 4 | 1,327 | $3,362,000,000 |
| Illinois | 3 | 2,655 | $3,270,000,000 |
| Kentucky | 2 | 692 | $814,000,000 |
| Massachusetts | 2 | 100 | $200,000,000 |
| Michigan | 6 | 1,224 | $163,100,000 |
| New Jersey | 3 | 1,300 | $0 |
| New York | 7 | 1,740 | $3,000,000,000 |
| Ohio | 1 | 450 | $40,000,000 |
| Oklahoma | 3 | 2,500 | $320,000,000 |
| South Carolina | 3 | 1,520 | $1,700,000,000 |
| Tennessee | 1 | 120 | $600,000,000 |
| Texas | 1 | 150 | $0 |
| Virginia | 2 | 350 | $309,000,000 |
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About E2’s Analysis
Announcements
Projects that began development, were proposed, or applied for local and state approval before the passage of the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) are not included. This analysis also does not include investments in which the federal government has provided financial resources for the complete project, lease sales, projects in which an announcement was made but lacked specific geographic information, etc. Details on projects came from news reports on new and related projects; press releases from companies announcing new developments; and government announcements.
Cancellations, Closures, Downsizes
This tracking includes all projects, plants, operations, or expansions that were cancelled or closed since passage of the IRA in August 2022. This does not include announced layoffs that are not associated with a project downsizing unless there is a stated decease in production output. This list also does not include the transfer of project ownership, if production will continue under the new ownership, power purchasing agreements, or other similar type of announcements. Project delays or idling of facilities are not included unless there in an announced decrease in production or investment or unless the project will need to be restarted to proceed in the future.
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Additional Resources:
- E2: Clean Jobs America 2024 | Interactive Jobs Map & Full Data Tables
- E2: Clean Economy Works | IRA Two-Year Review
- E2: Clean Economy Works Tracker
- E2: Benefits to Rural America from the Inflation Reduction Act: Driving Jobs, Investment, and Economic Resilience
- E2: Clean Economy Works | An Economic Impact Analysis of Major Clean Energy Projects Announced In Year One of the Inflation Reduction Act
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E2 is a national, nonpartisan group of business leaders, investors, and professionals from every sector of the economy who advocate for smart policies that are good for the economy and good for the environment. Our members have founded or funded more than 2,500 companies, created more than 600,000 jobs, and managed more than $100 billion in venture and private equity capital. For more information, see www.e2.org or follow us on X/Twitter at @e2org and Bluesky at @e2.org.